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cult images

  • 1 ξύλον

    ξύλον, ου, τό (Hom.+).
    ① wood as a plant substance in unmanufactured form, wood (the wood for the offering of Isaac linked typologically with the cross of Christ: Iren. 4, 5, 4 [Harv. II 157, 2]; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 70, 12) Dg 2:2; Ox 1 recto, 8 (ASyn. 171, 5; cp. GTh 77; s. λίθος 1). πᾶν ξ. θύϊνον every kind of citron wood Rv 18:12a. ξ. τιμιώτατον very precious wood vs. 12b. Pl. wood as building material (Diod S 5, 21, 5 κάλαμοι and ξύλα; PFlor 16, 23; Just., D. 86, 6 εἰς οἰκοδομήν; Tat. 37, 1) 1 Cor 3:12; for making cult images ξύλα κ. λίθους (Sextus 568; Tat.4, 2) together w. other materials 2 Cl 1:6; PtK 2 p. 14, 13 (Ath. 15, 1). As fuel (POxy 1144, 15 ξύλα εἰς θυσίαν; Gen 22:3, 6; Lev 1:7) MPol 13:1; Hs 4:4.
    ② object made of wood (of polytheists’ reverence for cult images: σέβονται λίθους καὶ ξύλα Theoph. Ant. 1, 10 [p. 80, 5])
    ⓐ of a piece of wood designed for a specific purpose
    α. a relatively long piece that can be set in the ground, pole (Diod S 5, 18, 4; Maximus Tyr. 2, 8b), as of the one on which Moses raised the brass serpent (Num 21:8f) B 12:7.
    β. club, cudgel (Hdt. 2, 63; 4, 180; Polyb. 6, 37, 3; Herodian 7, 7, 4; PHal 1, 187; PTebt 304, 10; Jos., Bell. 2, 176, Vi. 233) pl. (w. μάχαιραι) Mt 26:47, 55; Mk 14:43, 48; Lk 22:52.
    ⓑ a device for confining the extremeties of a prisoner, stocks (Hdt. 6, 75; 9, 37; Lysias 10, 16; Aristoph., Eq. 367; 394; 705; also Chariton 4, 2, 6; OGI 483, 181 [s. the note]; Job 33:11) τοὺς πόδας ἠσφαλίσατο αὐτῶν εἰς τὸ ξύλον he fastened their feet in the stocks Ac 16:24.
    ⓒ a wooden structure used for crucifixion, cross (Alexis Com. [IV B.C.] 220, 10 ἀναπήγνυμι ἐπὶ τοῦ ξύλου; Philo, Somn. 2, 213; Just., A II, 3, 1 ξύλῳ ἐμπαγῆναι, D. 138, 2 διʼ ὕδατος καὶ πίστεως καὶ ξύλου; Iren. 1, 14, 6 [Harv. I 140, 10]; διὰ ξύλου θάνατος καὶ διὰ ξ. ζωή, θ. μὲν κατὰ τὸν Ἀδάμ, ζ. δὲ κατὰ τὸν χριστόν Orig., C. Cels. 6, 36, 28.—Outside the NT also ‘gallows’: the scholiast on Aristoph., Ran. 736 cites a proverb ἀπὸ καλοῦ ξύλου κἂν ἀπάγξασθαι=if you must hang yourself choose a decent tree; Esth 5:14; 6:4, reproduced Jos., Ant. 11, 246: a ξ. sixty cubits high is to be cut down. Most often OT refers to hanging or impalement of a criminal’s corpse on a post ἐπὶ (τοῦ) ξύλου Gen 40:19; Dt 21:22f; Josh 10:26).—ἡ βασιλεία Ἰησοῦ ἐπὶ ξύλῳ the reign of Jesus is based on the wood (of the cross) B 8:5, cp. vs. 1; 12:1 (fr. an apocr. prophetic writing, perh. 4 Esdr 5:5. S. UHolzmeister, Verb Dom 21, ’41, 69–73). κρεμάσαι ἐπὶ ξύλου hang on the cross Ac 5:30; 10:39. ὁ κρεμάμενος ἐπὶ ξύλου Gal 3:13 (Dt 21:23; cp, Mel., P. 70, 507; 104, 805 ἐπὶ ξύλου κρεμασθείς). καθελεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ ξ. take down fr. the cross (cp. Josh 10:27) Ac 13:29. πάσχειν ἐπὶ ξύλου B 5:13. τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἀναφέρειν ἐπὶ τὸ ξ. bear the sins on (or to) the cross, to destroy them on the cross 1 Pt 2:24=Pol 8:1.—WSvLeeuwen, NThSt 24, ’41, 68–81.
    ③ tree (this usage is perceptible in Eur., Hdt.; Ctesias [IV B.C.]: 688 Fgm. 45n p. 500 Jac., in Apollon. Paradox. 17 παρʼ Ἰνδοῖς ξύλον γίνεσθαι; Theophr., HP 5, 4, 7; Fgm. Iamb. Adesp. 17 Diehl; Plut., Lycurgus 47 [13, 7]; Harpocration s.v. ὀξυθυμία; PTebt 5, 205 [118 B.C.]; PFlor 152, 4; Gen 1:29; 2:9; 3:1ff; Is 14:8; Eccl 2:5; PsSol 11:5; GrBar 4:8, 16; ApcSed 8:3; Tat. 919, 3 ξύλῳ μαντικῷ) Dg 12:8. ὑγρόν, ξηρὸν ξ. a green, a dry tree Lk 23:31 (s. ξηρός 1 and cp. Polyaenus 3, 9, 7 ξύλα ξηρά [opp. χλωρά].—AHiggins, ET 57, ’45/46, 292–94). πάγκαρπον ξ. a tree bearing all kinds of fruit Dg 12:1. ξ. ἄκαρπον a tree without (edible) fruit (of the elm) Hs 2:3. ξύλῳ ἑαυτὸν συμβάλλειν compare oneself to a tree 1 Cl 23:4a; 2 Cl 11:3 (both script. quots. of unknown orig.). τὰ φύλλα τοῦ ξ. Rv 22:2b; καρπὸς τοῦ ξ. 1 Cl 23:4b. Of trees by watercourses B 11:6 (Ps 1:3). ξ. γνώσεως Dg 12:2a (cp. Gen 2:9, 17; ApcMos 7 al.; Did., Gen. 94, 16); ξ. (τῆς) ζωῆς (Gen 2:9; TestLevi 18:11; ApcEsdr 2:11 p. 26, 5 Tdf.; ApcSed 4:5; ApcMos 19, 22, 28; Did., Gen. 110, 26; τὰ δὲ δύο ξ. τὸ τῆς ζωῆς καὶ τὸ τῆς γνώσεως Theoph. Ant. 2, 24 [p. 156, 19]) Rv 2:7; 22:2a (RSchran, BZ 24, ’38/39, 191–98), 14, 19; Dg 12:2b (cp. vs. 3 and PsSol 14:3 ξύλα τῆς ζωῆς; s. ζωή 2bβ; LvSybel, Ξύλον ζωῆς: ZNW 19, 1920, 85–91; UHolmberg, D. Baum d. Lebens 1923; HBergema, De Boom des Levens in Scrift en Historie, diss. Hilversum ’38; CHemer, The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia in Their Local Setting ’89 [’86] 41–47; RAC II 1–34; VIII 112–41).—B. 50; 1385. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ξύλον

  • 2 χαλκός

    χαλκός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol; EpArist 119; Philo; Just., A I, 60, 3; Ath. 26, 3)
    ① a metal of various types, such as copper, brass, or bronze (Jos., Ant. 8, 76 w. gold and silver) prob. brass, bronze Rv 18:12. As a material (w. others) for making cult images PtK 2 p. 14, 14; Dg 2:2 (in a comparison w. vessels for everyday use)
    ② anything made of such metal: (loanw. in rabb. in the sense ‘kettle’) a cult image of brass 2 Cl 1:6. χαλκὸς ἠχῶν a noisy (brass) gong 1 Cor 13:1 (s. ἠχέω; also HRiesenfeld, ConNeot 12, ’48, 50–53; or ‘acoustical vase’ used in theaters, NTS 32, ’86, 286–89). Copper coin, small change (Lucian, Syr. Dea 29 w. gold and silver money), also simply money (Epicharmus 111 Kaibel [in Pollux, who rejects this usage 9, 90]; Artem 5, 82; PHib 66, 4 [III B.C.]; PTebt 79, 8; Sb 4369 II, 26; EpJer 34) Mt 10:9; Mk 6:8; 12:41.—B. 611f. DELG. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > χαλκός

  • 3 ἱερός

    ἱερός (v. sub fin.), ά, όν, also ός, όν in the phrase
    A

    ἱερὸς ἀκτή Hes. Op. 597

    , 805, Orac. ap. Hdt.8.77: [dialect] Ion. and poet. [full] ἱρός, ή, όν (v. sub fin.): [dialect] Dor. and N. Greek [full] ἱᾰρός IG22.1126.20, etc.: [dialect] Aeol. [full] ἶρος Sapph.Supp.23.25, Alc.Supp.8.4, but [full] ἴαρος (corr. from ἴερ-) Sapph. Supp. 20a.6: [comp] Sup.

    ἱερώτατος Ar.Eq. 582

     (lyr.), Pl.Lg. 755e.
    I filled with or manifesting divine power, supernatural,

    ἱ. ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο Od.2.409

    , al.;

    ἱ. μένος Ἀλκινόοιο 8.421

    , etc.; ἄλφιτον, ἀλωαί, Il.11.631, 5.499;

    Δημήτερος ἱερὸς ἀκτή Hes.Op.

    Il.c.; of natural objects or phenomena, rivers, Od.10.351, Il.11.726, E.Med. 410 (lyr.); λιβάς, of the Spercheus, S.Ph. 1215 (lyr.); ἱεραὶ βῆσσαι Κίρκης 'faery', Od.10.275; ἱ. ἦμαρ, κνέφας, Il.8.66, 11.194;

    φάος Hes.Op. 339

    ; ἱερὸς δίφρος (where δ. perh.= ἵπποι) Il.17.464; after Hom.,

    ἱ. χεῦμα θαλάσσης A.Fr. 192

     (anap.);

    ἱ. κῦμα E.Hipp. 1206

    , cf. Cyc. 265;

    ὄμβρος S.OT 1428

    ;

    δρόσοι E. Ion 117

     (lyr.); ὕπνος, of death, Call.Epigr.11; ἔστι μὲν οὐδὲν ἱ. no great matter, Theoc.5.22.
    II of divine things, holy,

    ἱεροῖς ἐν δώμασι Κίρκης Od.10.426

    ;

    ἱ. γένος ἀθανάτων Hes.Th.21

    ; λέχος, of Zeus, ib.57; δόσις the gift of God, ib. 93; πόλεμος holy war, ' crusade', Ar.Av. 556, etc.
    2 of earthly things, hallowed, consecrated,

    βωμοί Il.2.305

    ; ἱ. δόμος, of the temple of Athena, 6.89;

    ἱ. ἑκατόμβη 1.99

    , 431, etc.;

    ἐλαίη Od.13.372

    ;

    χοαί S.OC 469

    , etc.; ἱρὰ γράμματα hieroglyphics, Hdt.2.36; but ἱ. γράμματα of the Holy Scriptures, 2 Ep.Tim.3.15;

    ἱ. βύβλοι OGI56.70

     (Canopus, iii B.C.); ἱ. ἄγαλμα, τρίπους, S.OT 1379, E. Ion 512, etc.;

    χρήματα Pl.R. 568d

    , etc.;

    ἱ. τὸ σῶμα τῷ θεῷ δίδωμ' ἔχειν E. Ion 1285

    ; ἱ. σώματα, of ἱερόδουλοι, Str.6.2.6;

    χῆνες Plu.2.325c

    ; of animals regarded as 'taboo', [

    κριοί] εἰσί σφι ἱ. διὰ τοῦτο Hdt.2.42

    ; so perh.

    ἱ. ἰχθύς Il.16.407

    ; of the Roman Tribunes,= Lat. sacrosanctus,

    ἱ. καὶ ἄσυλος Plu.TG15

    , etc.; of Augustus, Mon.Anc.Gr. 5.17; ἱ. νόμος law of sacrifice, D.21.35, cf. SIG685.81 (ii B.C.); ἱ. λόγος legend, Hdt.2.81, etc.;

    οἱ παλαιοὶ καὶ ἱ. λόγοι Pl.Ep. 335a

    ; ἱ. γάμος mystical marriage, a religious ceremony, Men.320, Phot. s.v.; opp. βέβηλος, as sacred to profane, D.H.7.8, AB223; but more freq.

    ἱ. καὶ ὅσιος Th.2.52

    , X.Vect.5.4, etc.; cf. ὅσιος.
    3 under divine protection, freq. of places,

    Ἴλιος Il.5.648

    , Alc.Supp.8.4;

    Πύλος Od. 21.108

    ;

    Θήβη Sapph.Supp. 20a

    .6; Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον, Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα, Od.1.2, Il.16.100;

    Ἀθῆναι Od.11.323

    , cf. Pi.Fr.75, S. Aj. 1221 (lyr.), Ps.-Orac. ap. Ar.Eq. 1037;

    Σούνιον ἱρόν Od.3.278

    ; ἱ. κύκλος the judge's seat under the protection of Zeus, Il.18.504: with gen. of the divinity, ἄλσος ἱρὸν Ἀθηναίης, ἄντρον ἱρὸν νυμφάων, Od.6.322, 13.104, cf. Hdt.1.80,2.41, Ar.Pl. 937, X.An.5.3.13, etc.;

    γῆ καὶ ἑστία ἱερὰ πᾶσι πάντων θεῶν Pl.Lg. 955e

    ; χωρίον ὡς -ώτατον ib. 755e, cf. Ti. 45a; with gen. of a human being,

    Γναθίου.. ἱ. εἰμι IG12.920

    .
    b of persons,

    φυλάκων ἱ. τέλος Il.10.56

    ;

    ἱ. πυλαωροί 24.681

    ;

    στρατός Od.24.81

    ;

    βασιλέες Pi.P.5.97

    ; ἱ. εὐσεβής τε, of Oedipus, S.OC 287; ἅνθρωπος ἱ. initiated, Ar.Ra. 652; c. gen. of a divinity, deuoted, dedicated, E.Alc.75, Pl.Phd. 85b.
    c under the Roman Empire,= sacer, imperial,

    ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν τοῦ Καίσαρος γραμμάτων IGRom.4.571

     (Aezani, ii A.D.); ὁ -ώτατος φίσκος, τὸ -ώτατον ταμιεῖον, ib.3.727 ([place name] Lycia), SIG888.10 (Scaptopara, iii A.D.), etc.; τὸ -ώτατον βῆμα (of the praefectus Aegypti), PHamb.4.8 (i A.D.): generally, worshipful,

    ἱ. σύνοδος OGI713.9

     (Egypt, iii A.D.), etc.
    III as Subst.,
    1 [full] ἱερά, [dialect] Ion. [full] ἱρά, τά, offerings, victims,

    ἱερὰ ῥέξας Il.1.147

    , etc.;

    ἔρδειν Hes.Op. 336

    ;

    διδόναι Od.16.184

    ;

    ἀλλ' ὅ γε δέκτο μὲν ἱρά Il.2.420

    , cf. 23.207: less freq. in sg.,

    ὄφρ' ἱρὸν ἑτοιμασσαίατ' Ἀθήνῃ 10.571

    ;

    θῦσαι ἱρά Hdt.1.59

    , 8.54, etc.;

    θυσίας καὶ ἱρὰ ποιέειν Id.2.63

    ;

    αἴθειν S. Ph. 1033

    ;

    ἱ. πατρῷα A.Th. 1015

    ;

    ἱ. ἐπιχώρια Democr.259

    .
    b after Hom., omens afforded by sacrifice,

    τὰ ἱρὰ οὐ προεχώρεε χρηστά Hdt. 5.44

    ; τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ [ἦν] X.An.1.8.15; simply οὐκ ἐγίγνετο τὰ ἱ. ib. 2.2.3.
    c generally, sacred objects or rites, Hdt.1.172,4.33;

    τῶν ὑμετέρων ἱ. καὶ κοινῶν μετεῖχον D.57.3

    ; of cult-images, IG Rom.3.800 (syllium).
    2 after Hom., [full] ἱερόν, [dialect] Ion. [full] ἱρόν, τό, holy place, Hdt.5.119,al.; opp. νηός, Id.2.170, cf. Th.4.90,5.18; freq. of a temple, ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ τεμένεϊ.. ἱρόν κτλ. Hdt.2.112; of the Jewish temple, LXX 1 Ch.29.4, Plb.16.39.4, Str.16.2.34, Ev.Matt.24.1.
    4 [full] ἱερός, ὁ (sc. μήν), name of month at Delos, IG12.377.22, 11(2).203A31 (iii B.C.).
    5 ἱεροί, οἱ, members of a religious college or guild, ib.5(1).1390.1, al. (Andania, i B.C.), prob. in SIG1010.7 ([place name] Chalcedon), etc.; also of women, [full] ἱεραί, αἱ, IG5(1). l.c., cf. 1511 ([place name] Sparta).
    b = ἱερόδουλος, ib. 1356 (Messenia, V B.C.), Inscr.Perg.572, GDI5702.39 ([place name] Samos).
    IV special phrases, post-Hom.,
    1 prov., ἱ. ἄγκυρα one's last hope, Plu. 2.815d, Luc.JTr.51, Fug.13, Poll.1.93, Gal.11.182.
    2 ἱ. βόλος, name of a throw at dice, Eub.57.1.
    3 ἱ. βοτάνη, v. βοτάνη.
    4 ἱ. (sc. γραμμή) (cf.

    γραμμή 111.1

    ), last line of draught-board,

    κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ' ἴρας.. λίθον Alc.82

    , cf. Epich.225, Sophr.127; τὴν ἀφ' ἱερᾶς (v.l. τὴν ἱεράν) Plu.Cor.32.
    5 ἱ. ἰχθύς,= ἀνθίας, Arist.HA 620b35, cf. Ath.7.282e, Plu.2.981d.
    6 ἱ. λόχος, v. λόχος.
    7 ἱερά (sc. νίκη), ἡ, drawn contest, dead heat (because the prize was assigned to the god), SIG1073.48 (Olymp.); ποιῆσαι ἱεράν, of the competitor, Wood Ephesus, App.vi p.70; so

    ἱ. ἀθλήματα Inscr.Olymp.56

    ;

    ἱερὸς ὁ στέφανος ἐκρίθη IG9(2).525

     ([place name] Larissa); τὸ παγκράτιον ἱ. ἐγένετο ib.527 (ibid.); ἱερός (sc. ἀγών) ib.7.2727.19, 24 (Acraeph.): metaph., ἱερὸν ποιῆσαι τὸν στέφανον 'divide the honours', Plb.1.58.5, 29.8.9.
    8 ἱ. νόσος epilepsy, Hdt.3.33, Hp.Morb. Sacr.tit., Thphr.HP9.11.3, etc., cf. Call.Aet.3.1.14: metaph.,

    τὴν οἴησιν ἱ. νόσον ἔλεγε Heraclit.46

     ( = Epicur.Fr. 224).
    9 ἡ ἱ. ὁδός the sacred road to Delphi, Hdt.6.34; also, from Athens to Eleusis, Cratin. 61, Paus.1.36.3, Harp. s.v.; and that from Elis to Olympia, Paus. 5.25.7.
    10 ἱ. ὀστέον, os sacrum, the last bone of the spine, Hp. Art.45, Plu.2.981d, Gal.UP5.8, etc.
    11 ἱ. συμβουλή sacred duty of an adviser, Pl.Ep. 321c, X.An.5.6.4, cf. Pl.Thg. 122b, Luc.Rh.Pr. 1.
    12 ἱ. σῦριγξ spinal canal, Poll.2.180.
    13 ἱερὰ τριήρης, of the Delian ship, or one of the state-ships (Salaminia or Paralos), D.4.34.
    14 freq. in geographical names, e.g. ἱ ἄκρα, in Lycia, Str. 14.3.8; ἱ. ἀκρωτήριον, in Spain, Cape St. Vincent, Id.2.4.3; ἱ. κώμη, in Lydia, Plb.16.1.8; ἱ. νῆσος, one of the Liparean group, Th.3.88; one of the insulae Aegates, Plb.1.60.3.
    V Adv. - ρῶς holily, ἀποθανεῖν v.l. in Plu.Lyc.27. [[pron. full] ῐ by nature, but sts. [pron. full] ῑ in [dialect] Ep., esp. in endings of hexameters, ἱ. ἰχθύς, ἱ. ἦμαρ, ἱερὰ ῥέξας, ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτή, Il.16.407, 8.66, 1.147, 11.631; ῑερόν in the first foot of a hex., Theoc.5.22; also in compds. ἱεραγωγός, ἱεροθαλλής, ἱερόφωνος: [pron. full] ῑ always in [var] contr. form ἱρός wh. is used in [dialect] Ep., Hdt., and some [dialect] Ion. inscrr., as IG12(8).265.9 ([place name] Thasos), cf. Semon.7.56, Herod.4.79, al., but is rarely found in codd. of Hp. (never in Heraclit. or Democr.); also in Trag., A.Th. 268, etc., but never required by metre in lyr. of Com.]

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἱερός

  • 4 βδελύσσομαι

    βδελύσσομαι fut. βδελύξομαι; 1 aor. ἐβδελυξάμην; pf. mid. 3 sg. ἐβδέλυκται (Pr 28:9); aor. pass. ἐβδελύχθην (all LXX) (s. two preced. entries; Hippocr.; Achaeus, TGF Fgm. 12, p. 749; Aristoph. et al. [Nägeli 15; Anz 305]; PLond VI, 1927 [IV A.D.], 34; PCairMasp 353, 16; LXX; PsSol 2:9; TestLevi 16:2; TestGad 3:2; JosAs 11 cod. A [p. 53, 18 Bat.]; ApcrEzk P 1 recto 15; Tat.; Theoph., Ant.; Pel.-Leg. p. 9, 9) to detest someth. because it is utterly offensive or loathsome, abhor, detest τὶ someth. (cp. Phalaris, Ep. 141, 2; Eratosth. p. 17, 10; Polyb. 33, 18, 10; Jos., Bell. 6, 172, Ant. 14, 45; Gen 26:29; Lev 11:11, 13 al.; CPJ I, 141, 9 of hatred for Jews): cult images Ro 2:22. The perf. pass. ptc. ἐβδελυγμένος (cp. Lev 18:30; Pr 8:7; Job 15:16; 3 Macc 6:9) = βδελυκτός (w. δειλός, ἄπιστος) detestable (because of polytheistic worship) Rv 21:8.—DELG s.v. βδελυρός. M-M. TW.

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  • 5 γίνομαι

    γίνομαι (in the form γίγνομαι [s. below] Hom.+; as γίν. since Aristot.+; and s. Kühner-Bl. II p. 391; Schwyzer I 215; KBrugmann4-AThumb, Griech. Gramm. 1913, 126; Mayser p. 165 and lit. there). Impf. ἐγινόμην; fut. γενήσομαι; 2 aor. ἐγενόμην, 3 sg. opt. γένοιτο; very rare v.l. (B-D-F §81, 3) γενάμενος (GJs 6:1; 16;1; 25:1 [s. deStrycker 249]; also found in Ps.-Callisth. 1, 20, 1; 1, 41, 11; ApcEsdr 1:3 p. 24, 7 Tdf.; Mel., P. 49, 346 [Bodm.]). Pass.: fut. ptc. τῶν γενηθησομένων (Eccl 1:11 v.l.); 1 aor. ἐγενήθην (Doric, H. Gk.; Phryn. 108 Lob.; pap fr. III B.C., Mayser I/22 ’38, 157f [w. lit.]; ins [Schweizer 181; Nachmanson 168; Thieme 13]; LXX), impv. γενηθήτω; pf. γεγένημαι (Meisterhans3-Schw.: Att. ins since 376 B.C.; Mayser 391) uncontested use in NT only J 2:9; GJs 24:3 (γεγένν-pap); apolog. On pf. γέγονα s. Meisterhans3-Schw.: since 464 B.C.; Mayser 372; on the aoristic use of γέγονα s. Mlt. 145f; 238; 239; PChantraine, Histoire du parfait grec 1927, 233–45; 3 pl. γέγοναν Ro 16:7 (v.l. γεγόνασιν) and Rv 21:6; s. KBuresch, Γέγοναν: RhM 46, 1891, 193ff; Mlt. 52 n.; ptc. γεγονώς; plpf. 3 sg. ἐγεγόνει (1 Macc. 4:27; 2 Macc. 13:17; J 6:17; Just.), without augment γεγόνει (Ac 4:22; v.l. ἐγεγόνει), s. B-D-F §78; Mlt-H. 190. On the variation γίνομαι and γίγνομαι s. W-S. §5, 31; B-D-F §34, 4; Mlt-H. 108. A verb with numerous nuances relating to being and manner of being. Its contrast to the more static term εἰμί can be seen in Kaibel 595, 5 οὐκ ἤμην καὶ ἐγενόμην=I was not and then I came to be (cp. Ath. 4, 2 in 3 below).
    ① to come into being through process of birth or natural production, be born, be produced (SIG 1168, 6; Epict. 2, 17, 8; Wsd 7:3; Sir 44:9; Just., A I, 13, 3; Tat. 26, 2) J 8:58; w. ἔκ τινος foll. (Diod S 3, 64, 1; Appian, Basil. 5 §1; Parthenius 1, 4; Athen. 13, 37 p. 576c ἐξ ἑταίρας; PPetr III, 2, 20; PFlor 382, 38 ὁ ἐξ ἐμοῦ γενόμενος υἱός; 1 Esdr 4:16; Tob 8:6; Jos., Ant. 2, 216) Ro 1:3; Gal 4:4 (cp. 1QS 11:21). Also of plants 1 Cor 15:37. Of fruits ἔκ τινος be produced by a tree Mt 21:19 (cp. X., Mem. 3, 6, 13 ὁ ἐκ τ. χώρας γιγνόμενος σῖτος). W. ἀπό τινος foll. Ox 1081 (SJCh), 11 γε̣[ινόμε]νον, 14 γέγ[ονος], 14f γε[ι]νομεν[ον], 19 γέγονος.
    ② to come into existence, be made, be created, be manufactured, be performed
    ⓐ gener. ὸ̔ γέγονεν J 1:3c (s. ref. to Vawter, below); w. διά τινος vs. 3a (MTeschendorf, D. Schöpfungsged. im NT: StKr 104, ’32, 337–72). W. χωρίς τινος vs. 3b (IAndrosIsis, Cyrene 15 [103 A.D.] Ἐμοῦ δὲ χωρὶς γείνετʼ οὐδὲν πώποτε; Cleanthes, Hymn to Zeus 15 [Stoic. I 537=Coll. Alex. no. 1 p. 227] οὐδέ τι γίγνεται ἔργον σοῦ δίχα; note the related style 1QH 1:20; on the syntax of J 1:3f see BVawter, CBQ 25, ’63, 401–6, who favors a full stop after οὐδὲ ἕν, s. εἷς 2b and lit. cited there on J 1:3). W. ἔκ τινος Hb 11:3. Of cult images διὰ χειρῶν γινόμενοι made w. hands Ac 19:26 (cp. PRyl 231, 3 [40 A.D.] τοὺς ἄρτους γενέσθαι). Of miracles: be done, take place (Tob 11:15; Wsd 19:13 v.l. Swete) Mt 11:20f, 23; Lk 10:13; Ac 8:13. ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν γεγόνει τὸ σημεῖον τοῦτο on whom this miracle had been performed 4:22. W. mention of the author διά τινος (cp. 4 Macc 17:11) 2:43; 4:16, 30; 12:9; 24:2. διὰ τῶν χειρῶν τινος Mk 6:2; Ac 14:3. ὑπό τινος (Herodian 8, 4, 2; OGI 168, 46 [115 B.C.] τὰ γεγονότα ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς φιλάνθρωπα; UPZ III, 3, 7 [116 B.C.]; PTebt 786, 14 [II B.C.]; Wsd 9:2; Jos., Ant. 8, 111; 347; Just., D. 35, 8 τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ [Jesus] καὶ νῦν γινομένων δυνάμεων) Lk 9:7 v.l.; 13:17; 23:8; Eph 5:12. Of commands, instructions be fulfilled, performed γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου thy will be done (Appian, Liby. 90 §423 τὸ πρόσταγμα δεῖ γενέσθαι; Syntipas p. 25, 3 γενέσθω τὸ αἴτημα) Mt 6:10; 26:42; Lk 11:2; cp. 22:42. γέγονεν ὸ̔ ἐπέταξας your order has been carried out 14:22. γενέσθαι τὸ αἴτημα αὐτῶν that their demand should be granted 23:24. Of institutions: be established, the Sabbath for the sake of humans Mk 2:27 (Crates, Ep. 24 οὐ γεγόνασιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι τ. ἵππων χάριν, ἀλλʼ οἱ ἵπποι τ. ἀνθρώπων).
    ⓑ w. mention of the special nature of an undertaking: ἵνα οὕτως γένηται ἐν ἐμοί in order to have such action taken in my case 1 Cor 9:15. ἐν τῷ ξηρῷ τί γένηται; what will be done when it (the wood) is dry? Lk 23:31.
    ③ come into being as an event or phenomenon from a point of origin, arise, come about, develop (Alcaeus 23 Diehl2 [320 L-P.] καί κʼ οὐδὲν ἐκ δένος γένοιτο=nothing could originate from nothing; Ath. 4:2 τὸ ὸ̓ν οὐ γίνεται ἀλλὰ τὸ μὴ ὸ̓ν)
    ⓐ of events or phenomena in nature (Sir 40:10; Ex 10:22; Job 40:23; Jos., Ant. 9, 36): lightning, thunder (X., An. 3, 1, 11) J 12:29; Rv 8:5; 11:19; calm (on the sea) Mt 8:26; Mk 4:39; Lk 8:24; storm Mk 4:37; a cloud (cp. Jos., Ant. 9, 36) 9:7; Lk 9:34; Hv 4, 3, 7; flood Lk 6:48; earthquake (Parian Marbles [III B.C.]=FGrH: 239B, 24) Mt 8:24; 28:2; Ac 16:26; Rv 6:12; 11:13; 16:18; darkness Mt 27:45; Mk 15:33; Lk 23:44; J 6:17; hail, fire Rv 8:7. Of a dawning day ὅτε δὲ ἡμέρα ἐγένετο (cp. περὶ ἀρχομένην ἡμέραν ‘about dawn’ Jos., Vi 15: in a related story of shipwreck) Ac 27:39.
    ⓑ of other occurrences (Arrian, Anab. 4, 4, 3 τὰ ἱερὰ οὐκ ἐγίγνετο=the sacrifice did not turn out [favorably]; 1 Macc 1:25; 4:58; 9:27; 13:44; Jdth 7:29; 14:19 al.): complaining Ac 6:1; persecution, oppression Mt 13:21; 24:21; Mk 4:17; 13:19; Ac 11:19; discussion J 3:25; Ac 15:7; tumult Mt 26:5; 27:24; GJs 21:1 and 25:1; a sound Ac 2:2, 6; weeping 20:37; clamor 23:9; Mt 25:6; AcPl Ha 4, 6; famine Lk 4:25; 15:14; Ac 11:28; ὁρμή (q.v.) 14:5; war Rv 12:7; sharp contention Ac 15:39; tear (in a garment) Mt 9:16; Mk 2:21; Lk 6:49; silence (s. σιγή) Ac 21:40; Rv 8:1; στάσις (q.v. 2) Lk 23:19; Ac 15:2; 23:7, 10; concourse 21:30; confusion 19:23; shout, loud voice 2:6; 19:34; Rv 11:15; dispute Lk 22:24; envy, strife 1 Ti 6:4; astonishment AcPl Ha 4, 25; joy 6, 3; prayer 6, 7; offering 6, 37.
    ⓒ of the various divisions of a day (Jdth 13:1; 1 Macc 5:30; 4 Macc 3:8 al.) γενομένης ἡμέρας when day came (Jos., Ant. 10, 202, Vi. 405) Lk 4:42; Ac 12:18; 16:35; 23:12; cp. Lk 6:13; 22:66; Ac 27:29, 33, 39. Difft. Mk 6:21 γενομένης ἡμέρας εὐκαίρου when a convenient/opportune day arrived. ὀψέ (cp. Gen 29:25; 1 Km 25:37) 11:19. ὀψίας γενομένης Mt 8:16; 14:15, 23; 16:2; 26:20; 27:57; Mk 1:32; 6:47; 14:17; 15:42; cp. J 6:16. πρωί̈ας Mt 27:1; J 21:4. νύξ Ac 27:27. ὥρας πολλῆς γενομένης when it had grown late Mk 6:35; cp. 15:33; Lk 22:14; Ac 26:4.
    ④ to occur as process or result, happen, turn out, take place (Dicaearch., Fgm. 102 W.: a campaign ‘takes place’; Diod S 32 Fgm. 9c τὰς εἰς τ. πατέρα γεγενημένας ἁμαρτίας=the misdeeds ‘perpetrated’ against his father; 2 Macc 1:32; 13:17; 3 Macc 1:11; 4:12; 5:17 al.)
    ⓐ gener. τοῦτο ὅλον γέγονεν all this took place w. ἵνα foll. Mt 1:22; 26:56. ἕως ἂν πάντα γένηται until all has taken place (=is past) 5:18. πάντα τὰ γενόμενα everything that had happened (cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 121 §508 τὰ γενόμενα; 1 Esdr 1:10; Jdth 15:1; 1 Macc 4:20; 2 Macc 10:21; 3 Macc 1:17) 18:31; cp. 21:21; 24:6, 20, 34; 26:54; 27:54; 28:11; Mk 5:14. ἴδωμεν τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο τὸ γεγονός let us see this thing that has taken place Lk 2:15 (TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 15 [Stone p. 40]) θανάτου γενομένου since a death has occurred, i.e. since he has died Hb 9:15. τούτου γενομένου after this had happened (Jos., Ant. 9, 56; 129) Ac 28:9. τὸ γεγονός what had happened (Diod S 12, 49, 4; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 18 §496; Jos., Ant. 14, 292) Lk 8:34; 24:12. τὰ γεγονότα AcPl Ha 11, 1.—μὴ γένοιτο strong negation, in Paul only after rhet. questions (cp. TestJob 38:1; JosAs 25:8; Epict., index p. 540e; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 1, 2, Dial. Meretr. 13, 4; Achilles Tat. 5, 18, 4; Aristaen., Ep. 1, 27) by no means, far from it, God forbid (Goodsp., Probs., 88; AMalherbe, HTR 73, ’80, 231–41) Lk 20:16; Ro 3:4, 6, 31; 6:2, 15; 7:7, 13; 9:14; 11:1, 11; 1 Cor 6:15; Gal 2:17; 3:21. In more extensive phrasing (the LXX has exx. only of this usage: Gen 44:17; 3 Km 20:3 al.; cp. Josh 22:29; Demosth. 10, 27; Alciphron 2, 5, 3 al.; Ael. Aristid. 23, 80 K.=42 p. 795 D.; 30 p. 578 D.; 54 p. 679 ὸ̔ μὴ γένοιτο) Gal 6:14; w. ἵνα foll. AcPl Ha 7, 40. τί γέγονεν ὅτι (cp. Eccl 7:10) why is it that J 14:22.—Of festivals: be held, take place, come (X., Hell. 7, 4, 28 τὰ Ὀλύμπια; 4, 5, 1; 4 Km 23:22f; 2 Macc 6:7) feast of dedication J 10:22; passover Mt 26:2; sabbath Mk 6:2; wedding J 2:1.—Abs. impv. (put twice for emphasis as Lucian, Pisc. 1 βάλλε, βάλλε; Philostrat., Ep. 35, 1 λάβε λάβε; Procop. Soph., Ep. 45) γενηθήτω γενηθήτω so let it be as a closing formula 1 Cor 16:24 v.l. (cp. Herodas 4, 85, where the sacristan closes his prayer to Asclepius with the words: ὧδε ταῦτʼ εἴη=so may it be).—On γένοιτο ἀμήν GJs 6:2 s. ἀμήν 1a.
    ⓑ w. dat. of pers. affected
    α. w. inf. foll. (UPZ 24, 29 al.; 1 Macc 13:5; Jos., Ant. 6, 232) ὅπως μὴ γένηται αὐτῷ χρονοτριβῆσαι so that he would not have to lose time Ac 20:16.
    β. w. adv. or adv. phrase added (1 Esdr 6:33) κατὰ τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν γενηθήτω ὑμῖν according to your faith let it be done to you, i.e. you believe, and you won’t be disappointed Mt 9:29; cp. 8:13. γένοιτό μοι κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμά σου may that happen to me as you have said Lk 1:38. πῶς ἐγένετο τῷ δαιμονιζομένῳ what had happened to the possessed man Mk 5:16. ἵνα εὖ σοι γένηται that it may be well w. you Eph 6:3 (Dt 5:16; cp. Epict. 2, 5, 29 εὖ σοι γένοιτο; Aelian, VH 9, 36). γενηθήτω σοι ὡς θέλεις let it be done for you as you desire, i.e. your wish is granted Mt 15:28.
    γ. w. nom. of thing (1 Macc 4:25; Sir 51:17; Ar. 15:5) γίνεταί τινί τι someth. happens to or befalls a person Mk 9:21. ἵνα μὴ χεῖρόν σοί τι γένηται lest someth. worse come upon you J 5:14. τί ἐγένετο αὐτῷ what has happened to him Ac 7:40 (Ex 32:1, 23; AcPl Ha 5, 20). τὸ γεγενημένον αὐτῷ Ac 3:10 D. ἐγίνετο πάσῃ ψυχῄ φόβος fear came upon everyone (cp. Tob 11:18) 2:43. λύπη AcPl Ha 6, 16. Freq. γέγονε ἐμοί τι someth. has come to me= I have someth.: πώρωσις τῷ Ἰσραὴλ γέγονεν a hardening (of heart) has befallen Israel Ro 11:25; σωτηρία τῷ Ἰσραὴλ γεγένηται GJs 19:2; cp. Lk 19:9; διὰ τὴν ὀπτασίαν τὴν γενομένην Παύλῳ AcPl Ha 3, 15; ἐὰν γένηταί τινι ἀνθρώπῳ ἑκατὸν πρόβατα if a man has a hundred sheep Mt 18:12. τοῖς ἔξω ἐν παραβολαῖς τὰ πάντα γίνεται those outside receive everything in parables Mk 4:11. μήποτε γένηται ἀνταπόδομά σοι that you may receive no repayment Lk 14:12; cp. 19:9; J 15:7; 1 Cor 4:5.
    ⓒ w. gen. of pers. (Diod S 16, 64, 2 τὸν τῆς Ἑλένης γεγενημένον ὅρμον=the necklace that had belonged to Helen): ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν the kingdom of the world has come into the possession of our Lord Rv 11:15.
    ⓓ γίνεταί τι ἐπί τινι someth. happens in the case of or to a person Mk 5:33 v.l.; ἐν v.l. This can also be expressed w. εἴς τινα Ac 28:6 or the double nom. τί ἄρα ὁ Πέτρος ἐγένετο what had become of Peter 12:18 (cp. Jos., Vi. 296 οἱ εἴκοσι χρυσοῖ τὶ γεγόνασιν).
    ⓔ w. inf. foll., to emphasize the actual occurrence of the action denoted by the verb: ἐὰν γένηται εὑρεῖν αὐτό if it comes about that he finds it= if he actually finds it Mt 18:13 (s. PCatt V, 19f [=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 372 V] ἐὰν γένηταί με ἀποδημεῖν; PAmh 135, 10; BGU 970, 5). ἐγένετο αὐτὸν παραπορεύεσθαι he happened to be passing Mk 2:23; cp. Lk 6:1, 6. ἐγένετο ἀνεῳχθῆναι τὸν οὐρανόν just then the heaven opened Lk 3:21; cp. 16:22 (ἐν τῷ ἀποθανεῖν P75); Ac 4:5; 9:3, 32, 37, 43; 11:26; 14:1; 16:16; 19:1; 21:1, 5; 22:6, 17; 27:44; 28:8 (UPZ 62, 29 [161 B.C.] γίνεται γὰρ ἐντραπῆναι).
    ⓕ καὶ ἐγένετο (ἐγένετο δέ) periphrastic like וַיְהִי with וַ foll. to indicate the progress of the narrative; it is followed either by a conjunction like ὅτε, ὡς etc., or a gen. abs., or a prepositional constr., and joined to it is a finite verb w. καί (Jdth 5:22; 10:1; Sus 19 Theod.; 1 Macc 1:1; 5:1; Gen 39:7, 13, 19; 42:35; JosAs 11:1; 22:1; AscIs 3:2) Mt 9:10; Mk 2:15 v.l.; Lk 2:15; 5:1, 12, 17; 8:1, 22; 14:1.—Without the second καί (Jdth 2:4; 12:10; 13:12; 1 Macc 6:8; 7:2 v.l.; 9:23; Sus 28 Theod.; Bel 18 Theod.; TestAbr B 1 p. 105, 1 [Stone p. 58] and 6 p. 109, 27 [Stone p. 66]; TestJob 31:1; JosAs 1:1; 3:1) Mt 7:28; 11:1; 13:53; 19:1; 26:1; Mk 1:9; 4:4; Lk 1:8, 23, 41, 59; 2:1, 6, 46; 6:12 al. At times it is followed by an inf. The phrase is usually omitted in translation; older versions transl. it came to pass.—Mlt. 16f; MJohannessohn, Das bibl. καὶ ἐγένετο u. s. Geschichte: ZVS 53, 1926, 161–212 (LXX); s. MDibelius, Gnomon 3, 1927, 446–50; HPernot, Études sur la langue des Évangiles 1927, 189–99; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT, ’62, 29–62; JReiling, BT 16, ’65, 153–63; EDelebecque, Études grecques sur l’Évangile de Luc ’76, 123–65.
    ⑤ to experience a change in nature and so indicate entry into a new condition, become someth.
    ⓐ w. nouns (Lamellae Aur. Orphicae ed. AOlivieri 1915, p. 16, 5 θεὸς ἐγένου ἐξ ἀνθρώπου [IV/III]; Arrian, Anab. 5, 26, 5; Sir 51:2; 1 Esdr 4:26; Wsd 8:2; 4 Macc 16:6; En 103:11; Tat. 19, 2 τοῦ θανάτου καταφρονηταὶ γίνεσθε): ὅπως γένησθε υἱοὶ τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν that you may become sons of your father Mt 5:45; ποιήσω ὑμᾶς γενέσθαι ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων I will turn you into fishers of people Mk 1:17; a traitor Lk 6:16; friends 23:12 (cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 121); children of God J 1:12; children of light 12:36; a Christian Ac 26:29; apostle AcPlCor 2:4; a father Ro 4:18; a fool 1 Cor 3:18; a spectacle 4:9; a man, an adult 13:11 (Tob 1:9); a curse Gal 3:13. οὐχ ἑαυτὸν ἐδόξασεν γενηθῆναι ἀρχιερέα he did not exalt himself to be made high priest Hb 5:5; ἐγένετο ἀντὶ αὐτοῦ Σαμουήλ Samuel became (high priest) in his place GJs 10:2. W. double nom. (Ps.-Apollod., Epit. 3, 15 δράκων λίθος ἐγένετο; Quint. Smyrn. 12, 507; Bel 28; 4 Macc 18:7) οἱ λίθοι ἄρτοι γίνονται the stones turn into loaves Mt 4:3. τὸ αἵμα αὐτοῦ λίθον γεγενημένον GJs 24:3. ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο J 1:14 (the reverse PBerl 13044, col. III, 28ff [UWilcken, SBBerlAk 1923, 161f] τί ποιῶν ἄν τις γένοιτο θεός;). τὸ ὕδωρ γενήσεται πηγή 4:14. ἡ περιτομὴ ἀκροβυστία γέγονεν Ro 2:25. ἐγενόμην ἐγὼ διάκονος I became a courier Col 1:23 (cp. Herodian 2, 6, 8 ἀνὴρ ἔπαρχος γενόμενος).—Also γ. εἴς τι (Menand., Peric. 49f Kö. [169f S.] τὸ κακὸν εἰς ἀγαθὸν ῥέπει γινόμενον; 1 Km 4:9; Jdth 5:18; 1 Macc 2:11, 43; 3:58; En 19:2 al.; B-D-F §145, 1): ἐγένετο εἰς δένδρον it became a tree Lk 13:19; εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17; Ac 4:11; 1 Pt 2:7 (all in ref. to Ps 117:22); εἰς χαρὰν γ. change (or, turn) into joy J 16:20. εἰς οὐδέν come to nothing Ac 5:36. εἰς παγίδα Ro 11:9 (Ps 68:23); εἰς κενὸν γ. be done in vain 1 Th 3:5. εἰς ἄψινθον Rv 8:11. Cp. AcPl Ha 6, 6. Also w. γίνεσθαι omitted: εἰς κατάκριμα (sc. ἐγένετο τὸ κρίμα) Ro 5:18.
    ⓑ used w. an adj. to paraphrase the passive (Jdth 11:11; 1 Esdr 7:3; 2 Macc 3:34; Sus 64 Theod.; En 103:9; Ath. 37, 1 πάντων ὑποχειρίων γιγνομένων): ἁπαλὸν γ. become tender Mt 24:32; Mk 13:28; ἀπειθῆ γ. Ac 26:19; ἀποσυνάγωγον γ. be expelled fr. the synagogue J 12:42; ἄφαντον γ. disappear Lk 24:31; σκωληκόβρωτον γ. be eaten by worms Ac 12:23; γνωστόν, φανερὸν γ. become known (Just., A I, 63, 6) Mk 6:14; Ac 1:19; 9:42; 19:17; 1 Cor 3:13; 14:25; Phil 1:13; δόκιμον γ. pass the test Js 1:12; ἑδραῖον γ. 1 Cor 15:58; ἔκδηλον γ. 2 Ti 3:9; AcPlCor 1:16; ἔξυπνον γ. Ac 16:27 (1 Esdr 3:3=Jos., Ant. 11:34); s. ἀπόπληκτος, ἐλεύθερος, ἐμφανής, ἔμφοβος, ἐνεργής, ἔντρομος, καθαρός, μέγας, περιδάκρυτος, περικρατής, πλήρης, πρηνής, τυφλός, ὑγιής, ὑπήκοος, ὑπόδικος, φανερός 1.
    ⓒ w. ἐν of a state of being (Stoic. III 221, 16; Diod S 20, 62, 4 ἐν ἀνέσει γ.; Plut., Tit. Flam. 378 [16, 1] ἐν ὀργῇ γ.; Lucian, Tim. 28; PPetr II, 20; III, 12 [252 B.C.] ἐν ἐπισχέσει γ.; BGU 5 II, 19 ἐν νόσῳ; POxy 471 IV, 77f; 4 Km 9:20; 1 Macc 1:27 v.l.; Sus 8 Theod.; Jos., Bell. 1, 320, Ant. 16, 372; Mel., P. 18 ἐν πόνοις … ἐν πληγαῖς etc.) ἐν ἀγωνίᾳ Lk 22:44. ἐν ἐκστάσει Ac 22:17. ἐν πνεύματι under the Spirit’s influence Rv 1:10; 4:2; AcPl Ha 6, 28. ἐν ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπων be like human beings Phil 2:7. ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ, φόβῳ, τρόμῳ 1 Cor 2:3. ἐν δόξῃ 2 Cor 3:7. ἐν ἑαυτῷ γ. come to one’s senses (Soph., Phil. 950; X., An. 1, 5, 17; Polyb. 1, 49, 8; Chariton 3, 9, 11) Ac 12:11; γ. ἐν Χριστῷ be a Christian Ro 16:7. Cp. 7 below.
    ⑥ to make a change of location in space, move
    ⓐ εἴς τι (Hdt. 5, 87 al.; Philo, Op. M. 86; 2 Macc 1:13; also ἐν: Just., A II, 9, 3 ἐγενόμεθα ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ τόπω): εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα γ. (Jos., Ant. 10, 42) Ac 20:16; 21:17; 25:15. εἰς τὸν ἀγρόν Hv 3, 1, 4. Of a voice: ἐγένετο εἰς τὰ ὦτά μου reached my ear Lk 1:44. Fig. (cp. Bar 4:28) of Abraham’s blessing εἰς τὰ ἔθνη come to the Gentiles Gal 3:14; cp. 2 Cor 8:14 (s. περίσσευμα 1, ὑστέρημα 1).
    ⓑ ἔκ τινος (Job 28:2): γ. ἐκ μέσου be removed, Lat. e medio tolli (cp. Ps.-Aeschin., Ep. 12, 6 ἐκ μέσου γενομένων ἐκείνων; Plut., Timol. 238 [5, 3]; Achilles Tat. 2, 27, 2) 2 Th 2:7 (HFulford, ET 23, 1912, 40f: ‘leave the scene’). Of a voice fr. heaven: ἐκ τ. οὐρανῶν γ. sound forth fr. heaven (2 Macc 2:21; cp. Da 4:31 Theod.) Mk 1:11; Lk 3:22; 9:35; cp. vs. 36.
    ⓒ ἐπί τι: ἐπὶ τὸ μνημεῖον go to the tomb Lk 24:22; ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀναβαθμούς when he was at the steps Ac 21:35. Of fear that befalls someone (2 Macc 12:22) Lk 1:65; 4:36; Ac 5:5. Of ulcers: break out on someone Rv 16:2 (Ex 9:10f). Of divine commands: go out to someone Lk 3:2. ἐπί is somet. used w. the gen. (Appian, Liby. 93 §440; Alex. Aphr., Mixt. II 2 p. 213, 21) instead of the acc.: γενόμενος ἐπὶ τοῦ τόπου when he had arrived at the place 22:40 (Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 327, 18 ἐπὶ τ. τόπων γινόμενος).—J 6:21.
    ⓓ w. κατά and gen. of place: τὸ γενόμενον ῥῆμα καθʼ ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας the message that has spread throughout all Judea Ac 10:37. W. acc. of place (X., Cyr. 7, 1, 15; Apollon. Paradox. 3 κατὰ τόπους γ.; Jos., Ant. I, 174; cp. 2 Macc 9:8): γενόμενος κατὰ τὸν τόπον Lk 10:32; γενόμενοι κατὰ τὴν Κνίδον Ac 27:7.
    ⓔ w. πρός and acc. of the direction and goal (PLond III, 962, 1 p. 210 [III A.D.] γενοῦ πρὸς Ἄταϊν τὸν ποιμένα; PFlor 180, 45) 1 Cor 2:3; 2J 12. Of divine instructions be given to someone (Gen 15:1, 4; Jer 1:2, 11; 13:8; Ezk 6:1; Hos 1:1; cp. ἐπί w. acc.) J 10:35; Ac 7:31 v.l.; 10:13; 13:32.
    ⓕ w. σύν and the dat. join someone (X., Cyr. 5, 3, 8; 2 Macc 13:13) Lk 2:13.
    ⓖ w. ἐγγύς (X., An. 1, 8, 8, Cyr. 7, 1, 7; cp. γίν. πλησίον Philo, Mos. 1, 228; Jos., Ant. 4, 40): ἐγγὺς τοῦ πλοίου γίνεσθαι come close to the boat J 6:19. Fig. of the relation of believers to Christ: come near Eph 2:13.
    ⓗ w. ὧδε come here J 6:25;
    ⓘ ἔμπροσθέν τινος γ. J 1:15, 30 s. on ἔμπροσθεν 1bζ and ὀπίσω 2b.
    ⑦ to come into a certain state or possess certain characteristics, to be, prove to be, turn out to be (on relation to the forms of εἰμί [here and in 8–10] s. ALink, StKr 69, 1896, 420ff). Used w. the nom. (Wsd 16:3; Jdth 16:21; Sir 31:22; 1 Macc 3:58) γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι be prudent Mt 10:16. ἄκαρπος γίνεται 13:22; Mk 4:19.—W. other words: vs. 22; 9:50; Lk 1:2; 2:2; 6:36 and very oft. Freq. the dat. of advantage (dat. commodi) is added (1 Macc 10:47; 2 Macc 7:37; 4 Macc 6:28; 12:17): ἀγαπητόν τινι γ. be dear to someone 1 Th 2:8. ἀπρόσκοπον γ. τινι be inoffensive to someone 1 Cor 10:32; γ. τινι μαθητήν J 15:8; μισθαποδότην γ. τινι be a rewarder of someone Hb 11:6; γ. ὁδηγόν τινι Ac 1:16. Cp. παρηγορία, σημεῖον, τύπος.—γ. ὁμοθυμαδόν come together in unanimity or reach unanimity Ac 15:25.—τὶ γίνεταί τινί τι a thing results in someth. for someone τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐμοὶ ἐγ. θάνατος; Ro 7:13. ἡ ἐξουσία πρόσκομμα τοῖς ἀσθενέσιν 1 Cor 8:9.—γίνομαι ὡς, ὥσπερ, ὡσεί τις (Ps 21:15; 31:9; 37:15; 82:11; 87:5 al.) be, become, show oneself like Mt 6:16; 10:25; 18:3; 28:4; Lk 22:26, 44; 1 Cor 4:13; 9:20f; Gal 4:12. καθὼς ἐγένετο … οὕτως ἔσται as it was … so it will be Lk 17:26, 28. οὐ χρὴ ταῦτα οὕτως γίνεσθαι this should not be so Js 3:10. ὁσίως καὶ δικαίως καὶ ἀμέμπτως ὑμῖν ἐγενήθημεν we proved/showed ourselves … toward you 1 Th 2:10.—In statements pert. to age (Aristoxenus, Fgm. 16 γεγονότα [sc. τὸν Πυθαγόραν] ἐτῶν τεσσαράκοντα; Demetr. of Phaleron [IV–III B.C.], Fgm. 153 Wehrli [’49]; Demetr: 722 Fgm. 1, 1 Jac.; Jos., Ant. 10, 50) ἐτῶν δώδεκα Lk 2:42; cp. 1 Ti 5:9.—Here prob. also belongs ἐγένετο γνώμης he decided Ac 20:3 (cp. Plut., Phoc. 752 [23, 4] ἐλπίδος μεγάλης γ.; Cass. Dio 61, 14 τ. ἐπιθυμίας γ.; Jos., Bell. 6, 287).
    ⑧ to be present at a given time, be there ([Ps.-]Jos., Ant. 18, 63) Mk 1:4; J 1:6, hence exist (Diod S 3, 52, 4 γέγονε γένη γυναικῶν=there have been nations of women; Appian, Maced. 18 §3 τὸ χρυσίον τὸ γιγνόμενον=the gold that was at hand; Bar 3:26; 2 Macc 10:24) Ro 11:5; 1J 2:18. ἐγένετο there lived Lk 1:5. ἔν τινι 2 Pt 2:1. ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς Rv 16:18 (Da 12:1 Theod.).
    ⑨ to be closely related to someone or someth., belong to
    ⓐ gen. of the possessor (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 79 §336 a slave γεγένητο Πομπηίου=had belonged to Pompey: B-D-F §162, 7) belong to someone Lk 20:14, 33 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 83 §350 γυνὴ Κράσσου γεγενημένη=who had been the wife of [the younger] Crassus).
    ⓑ w. dat. of pers. belong to someone (PPetr II, 40b, 7 [277 B.C.]; O. Wilck II, 1530, 2f [120 B.C.] τὸ γινόμενόν μοι=what belongs to me) of a woman ἀνδρὶ ἑτέρῳ Ro 7:3f (cp. Ruth 1:12f; Dt 24:2).
    ⓒ w. prep. μετά τινος (Josh 2:19) Ac 9:19; 20:18. οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ γενόμενοι his intimate friends Mk 16:10. πρός τινα be w. someone 1 Cor 16:10 ( make him [Timothy] feel quite at home with you Mft.) ὑπό τινα be under the authority of someone or someth. (1 Macc 10:38) Gal 4:4.
    ⓓ Here perh. belongs ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως οὐ γίνεται it is not a matter of private interpretation 2 Pt 1:20.
    ⑩ to be in or at a place, be in, be there
    ⓐ ἔν τινι to designate one’s present or future place of residence (X., An. 4, 3, 29; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 4 §15 Ἀντώνιος ἐν Ἐφέσῳ γενόμενος; Aelian, VH 4, 15; Herodian 2, 2, 5; POxy 283, 11; 709, 6 ἐν Μένφει γενόμενος; PTebt 416, 3; BGU 731 II, 6 ἐν οἰκίᾳ μου; Num 11:35; Judg 17:4; 1 Ch 14:17; Jdth 5:7 al. Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 18 Jac.) Mt 26:6; Mk 9:33; Ac 7:38; 13:5; 2 Ti 1:17; Rv 1:9; AcPl Ha 7, 23.
    ⓑ w. adv.: ἐκεῖ (X., An. 6, 5, 20; 3 Km 8:8 v.l.; Jos., Ant. 10, 180) Ac 19:21. κατὰ μόνας Mk 4:10.—B. 637. DELG s.v. γίγνομαι. M-M. TW.

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  • 6 κατείδωλος

    κατείδωλος, ον (only in Christian wr.: Prochorus, AcJ 117, 4 Zahn; Georg. Syncell. [c. 900 A.D.] p. 177, 5) full of cult-images/idols, of Athens Ac 17:16.—DELG s.v. εἶδος. M-M. TW.

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  • 7 κολάζω

    κολάζω fut. κολάσω; 1 aor. mid. ἐκολασάμην. Pass.: 1 fut. κολασθήσομαι; aor. 3 pl. ἐκολάσθησαν LXX; pf. inf. κεκολάσθαι (s. three next entries) penalize, punish (so Trag., Pla.+; also OGI 90, 28; PSI 446, 14; PRyl 62, 9) act. τινά someone lit., of the punishment of slaves Hs 9, 28, 8. In imagery do someone an injury, of polytheists who penalize their cult images by locking them up Dg 2:8. In an apocalyptic place of punishment are οἱ κολάζοντες ἄγγελοι ApcPt 6:21b (Chariton 4, 2, 7 οἱ κολάζοντες=‘constables, police’; Sallust. 19 p. 34, 15 δαίμονες κολάζοντες).—Mid. (Aristoph., Vesp. 405; Pla., Protag. 324c; 3 Macc 7:3; ApcEsdr 1:11 p. 25, 4 Tdf.; Just., A II, 2, 9; 11; 16) Ac 4:21.—Mostly pass. of the punishment of Christians 1 Pt 2:20 v.l.; Dg 5:16; 6:9; 7:8; 10:7; MPol 2:4. Of the Last Judgment 2 Pt 2:9. βασάνοις 2 Cl 17:7 (on the dat., cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 90 §377 κ. θανάτῳ; Polyaenus 3, 9, 56; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 17, 2; Jos., Ant. 18, 314 κ. πληγαῖς.—Just., A II, 1, 2 ἐν πυρί). δισσῶς be punished doubly Hs 9, 18, 2. Of hell οἱ κολαζόμενοι ἐκεῖ ApcPt 6:21a. (Of punishment by God: TestAsh 6:2; ApcEsdr 1:11; Just., D. 88, 5; Diod S 16, 32, 1; Epict. 3, 11, 3; Dio Chrys. 59 [76], 5; Aesop, Fab. 77 P.=127 H. ὑπὸ θεῶν κολάζονται; oft. in ins in FSteinleitner, D. Beicht 1913, p. 10ff; LRobert, Nouvelles Inscriptions de Sardes ’64, 24ff; LXX; Jos., Bell. 2, 163; cp. Theoph. Ant., 2, 36 [p. 196, 24]). Aristotle’s limitation of the term κόλασις to disciplinary action Rhet. 1, 10, 17 is not reflected in gener. usage.—DELG s.v. κόλος 3. M-M. TW.

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  • 8 κωφός

    κωφός, ή, όν (s. next entry; Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, TestSol, JosAs; Ar. 13, 1; Tat. 26, 3) prim. mng. ‘blunt, dull’
    ① pert. to lack of speech capability, mute (Hdt. 1, 47, 3; Wsd 10:21; Philo, In Flacc. 20; Jos., Ant. 18, 135) ἐλάλησεν ὁ κωφός Mt 9:33; cp. vs. 32; 12:22ab; 15:30f; Lk 1:22; 11:14ab.
    ② pert. to lack of hearing capability, deaf (Hom. Hymns; X., Cyr. 3, 1, 19 al.; Fgm. of Ostanes A 15 [JBidez-FCumont, Les mages hellénisés ’38 II p. 334]: it praises a θεῖον ὕδωρ, which heals all infirmities: ὀφθαλμοὶ βλέπουσι τυφλῶν, ὦτα ἀκούουσι κωφῶν, μογιλάλοι τρανῶς λαλοῦσιν; Ex 4:11; Is 43:8; Ps 37:14; Philo, Mut. Nom. 143 οὐδὲ κωφὸς ἀκούειν) κωφοὶ ἀκούουσιν Mt 11:5; Mk 7:32, 37; 9:25; Lk 7:22 (Mt 11:5; Lk 7:22 have also been taken fig. [so Parmenides 6, 7 κωφοὶ κ. τυφλοί of those without knowledge; Heraclitus B, 34; Epict. 2, 23, 22; 2, 24, 19; Tat. 26, 3 τυφλὸς κωφῷ debate in the manner of the blind with the deaf; Dio Chrys. 80 (30), 42 τυφλοὶ κ. κωφοί]: HHoltzmann; Wlh.; JMoffatt, ET 18, 1907, 286f; OHoltzmann; EKlostermann).
    ③ deaf and mute (Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 197; SibOr 4, 28) fig. of cult images, that neither hear nor answer (Hab 2:18; 3 Macc 4:16; JosAs; Ar. 13:1) Dg 2:4; 3:3, 5.—B. 320f. DELG. M-M. TW.

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  • 9 ξύλινος

    ξύλινος, η, ον (ξύλον; Pind., Hdt.+) wooden τὰ εἴδωλα … τὰ ξ. the wooden cult images/idols (cp. Aesop, Fab. 66 H.=285 P./61 Ch./284 H-H. ἄνθρωπός τις ξύλινον ἔχων θεόν; EpJer 3 θεοὶ ξ., 10, 29, 54, 69, 70; Da 5:4 and 23 Theod.; En 99:7) Rv 9:20. θεοὶ ξ. AcPl Ha 1, 19. σκεύη wooden vessels or equipment (cp. SIG 962, 41ff; 316; Lev 15:12; Num 31:20; 35:18) 2 Ti 2:20.—DELG s.v. ξύλον. M-M.

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  • 10 χαλκεύς

    χαλκεύς, έως, ὁ (χαλκός; Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX) first ‘coppersmith’, then gener. (black)smith, metalworker (Aristot., Poet. 25 χαλκέας τοὺς τὸν σίδηρον ἐργαζομένους; Gen 4:22; 2 Ch 24:12 χαλκεῖς σιδήρου) Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ χαλκεύς A. the metalworker 2 Ti 4:14 (so Goodsp. et al.; that A. was a ‘coppersmith’ [NRSV, REB] cannot be proved; he could as well have been a goldsmith [cp. Od. 3, 432]); Hv 1, 3, 2. θέλις χαλκέα ἄγωμεν; do you want us to get a blacksmith? (to break the chains) AcPl Ha 3, 5. Making cult images Dg 2:3.—B. 606. DELG s.v. χαλκός. M-M. Spicq.

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  • 11 χώνευμα

    χώνευμα, ατος, τό (χωνεύω ‘cast in a mold’) image made of cast metal, cast image (Philo of Byzantium, Sept. Orbis Spect. 4, 1 [ed. RHercher 1858, placed after his Paris ed. of Aelian]; PLeid X, 21b; LXX) of cult images 1 Cl 53:2; B 14:3 (both Dt 9:12).—DELG s.v. χέω.

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  • 12 ἀκίνητος

    ἀκίνητος, ον (κινέω ‘move’; Parmenides, Pind.+; ins, pap, LXX, TestJob 10:1; 25:5; TestSim 2:4; ApcSed 11:13 p. 134, 32 Ja; Philo; Jos., Ant. 15, 364; 399; Ath. 22, 5; 23, 1) ‘without movement’.
    ① lit. pert. to being in a fixed position
    ⓐ immovable πέτρα ἀ. IPol 1:1.
    ⓑ of cult images unable to move Dg 2:4.
    ② fig. pert. to being inwardly firm, unwavering, steadfast of πίστις (because nailed at the cross) ISm 1:1; unmoved (by passions) τὸ ἀκίνητον (Dionys. Byz. §23 p. 10, 5; Philo, Op. M. 101) steadfast character IPhld 1:2.

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  • 13 ἀναπλάσσω

    ἀναπλάσσω 1 aor. mid. ἀνεπλασάμην; fut. pass. 2 sg. ἀναπλασθήσῃ JosAs 15:4 (s. πλάσσω; Hdt. et al.; PHal 1, 183 [III B.C.]; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 248; Just., D. 8, 4 Χριστόν τινα; Ath. 27, 1 εἴδωλα ‘fashion cult images’, R. 13 p. 63, 15 ‘make up, devise’; Mel., P. 47, 333; 83, 621 ἄνθρωπον ‘create’) to form anew, form, remold.
    ⓐ lit. of a potter, who reshapes a vessel he has spoiled πάλιν αὐτὸ ἀ. 2 Cl 8:2 (cp. Wsd 15:7).
    ⓑ fig., of a person’s spiritual transformation B 6:11, 14.—Sv.

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  • 14 ἀποσπάω

    ἀποσπάω fut. ἀποσπάσω LXX, ἀποσπῶ Jer 12:14; 1 aor. ἀπέσπασα. Pass.: aor. ἀπεσπάσθην; pf. ptc. ἀπεσπασμένοι Is 28:9 (σπάω ‘draw, pull’; Pind., Hdt. et al.; SEG XLII, 613, 5; pap, LXX; ApcSed 10:4; Just., Tat.).
    ① lit. to pull/draw out, draw out ἀ. τ. μάχαιραν draw a sword Mt 26:51. ἀ. τοὺς ἥλους ἀπὸ τ. χειρῶν draw out the nails fr. the hands GPt 6:21=ASyn. 347, 62.
    ⓐ act. draw away, attract, proselyte (cp. Artem. 5, 43 τινά τινος someone from someone; Josh 8:6; Jer 12:14; Jos., Vi. 321, Ant. 8, 277 ἀπὸ τ. θεου) ἀπὸ τ. εἰδώλων fr. cult images 2 Cl 17:1 (cp. Sb 1161, 40; 6156, 32 [both I B.C.]; Polyaenus 8, 51 of the bringing out of one who has fled to a temple for refuge); ἀ. τοὺς μαθητὰς ὀπίσω ἑαυτῶν draw away the disciples after them (and thereby alienate them) Ac 20:30 (cp. Aelian, VH 13:32; Diog. L. 2, 113 ἀ. τινὰ ἀπό τινος alienate pupils from someone, proselyte; PPetr III, 43 [3], 12; PCairZen 60, 3 [III B.C.]; BGU 1125, 9 [13 B.C.] οὐκ ἀποσπάσω αὐτὸν ἀπὸ σοῦ; POxy 275, 22 [66 A.D.]). εἰς τὸ ἀπὸ τ. ἁμαρτιῶν ἀποσπασθῆναι so that they might be wrested from their sins AcPlCor 2:9.
    ⓑ pass. in mid. sense ἀ. ἀπό τινος tear oneself away Ac 21:1; Hs 6, 2, 3.— Withdraw (Diod S 20, 39; Job 41:9; POxy 275, 22 [66 A.D.]; Jos., Bell. 2, 498; 6, 379) ἀπό τινος Lk 22:41.—DELG s.v. σπάω. M-M.

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  • 15 ἀφύλακτος

    ἀφύλακτος, ον (s. φυλακή, φυλάσσω; Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; Sb 6002, 15 [II B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 14, 169; cp. Ezk 7:22; 23:39 A) pert. to absence of security, without guarding (them) of cult images made of ordinary substance as opp. to those kept in temples open to the public Dg 2:7 (v.l. ἀφυλάκτως).—DELG s.v. φύλαξ.

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  • 16 ἄψυχος

    ἄψυχος, ον (s. ψυχή; since Archilochus [VII B.C.] 104 Diehl2; Simonides 116 D.; PGM 7, 441; LXX, Philo; Just., A I, 9, 1; Ath.) inanimate, lifeless of musical instruments (Eur., Ion 881; Plut., Mor. 9c) 1 Cor 14:7.—Of cult images (Wsd 13:17; 14:29; Just. A I, 9, 1.—Of statues of deities: Heraclitus in Celsus 1, 5; Timaeus Hist.: 566 Fgm. 32 p. 610, 9 Jac. [Athen. 6, 250a]; Philo, Congr. Erud. Grat. 48; Ath. 23, 1) Dg 2:4.—M-M. TW.

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  • 17 ἐνδείκνυμι

    ἐνδείκνυμι fut. ptc. ἐνδειξόμενος 2 Macc 13:9; in our lit. only in mid. 1 aor. ἐνεδειξάμην (s. prec. entry and δείκνυμι; Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; TestJob 50:2; TestZeb 3:8 v.l.; ApcEsdr 3:15 p. 27, 29 Tdf.; EpArist, Philo; Jos., Bell. 2, 109, Ant. 19, 33 al.).
    ① to direct attention to or cause someth. to become known, show, demonstrate, τὶ someth. (X., An. 6, 1, 19 εὔνοιαν; Wsd 12:17) τὴν ὀργήν Ro 9:22. πᾶσαν πίστιν ἀγαθήν Tit 2:10; cp. 3:2. Hb 6:11; 1 Cl 21:7. τὶ εἴς τινα or εἴς τι show someth. toward someone or someth. οἱ εἰς τὰ κωφὰ τὴν αὐτὴν ἐνδεικνύμενοι φιλοτιμίαν those who show the same respect to the mute (cult images) Dg 3:5. (ἀγάπην) εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ show love for God’s name (ἧς for ἥν by attraction) Hb 6:10. τὴν ἔνδειξιν ἐνδείκνυσθαι (as Pla., Leg. 12, 966b) εἴς τινα give proof to someone 2 Cor 8:24. Appoint, designate Lk 10:1 P75. Used w. double acc. (Jos. Bell. 2, 109) ἐ. τὸ ἔργον τοῦ νόμου γραπτόν show that what the law demands is written Ro 2:15; cp. Dg 5:4. τὶ ἔν τινι show someth. in someone Ro 9:17 (Ex 9:16); cp. 1 Ti 1:16; someth. in or by someth. τὴν σοφίαν ἐν ἔργοις ἀγαθοῖς 1 Cl 38:2. τὸ πλοῦτος τ. χάριτος ἐν χρηστότητι Eph 2:7.
    ② to display conduct that affects another, show τί τινι someth. to someone, accord, do to (Vett. Val. 200, 19; Gen 50:17; 2 Macc 13:9; TestZeb 3:8 v.l. ἐνεδείξαντο αὐτῷ κακά) πολλά μοι κακὰ ἐνεδείξατο he showed (= did) me a great deal of harm 2 Ti 4:14. The mng. of ἐ. is sharpened for the Gr-Rom. ear and mind by the cultural expectation that exemplary conduct is to be rewarded by a recipient. The reciprocal system is freq. expressed with the verbs ἐνδείκνυμι (e.g. SIG 347, 34f ἐνδεικνύωνται τὴν εὔνοιαν τῶ[ι] δήμωι) and ἀποδίδωμι (e.g. χάριν ἀξίαν ἀποδιδοὺς τῶν εὐεργεσίων ‘expressing appropriate appreciation for the benefactions’ SIG 547, 10). Alexander the coppersmith is cast in an especially bad light through the use of diction that characterizes him as one at odds not only with Paul but Gr-Rom. culture. Instead of εὔνοια or the like, Alexander ‘displays’ or ‘shows’ a base character in his dealings w. the apostle and will receive an appropriate requital from the Lord.—M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐνδείκνυμι

  • 18 ἵστημι

    ἵστημι (Hom.+, ins, pap [Mayser 353]; LXX [Thackeray 247f]; pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., apolog. exc. Ar.) and also ἱστάνω (since I B.C. SIG 1104, 26 ἱστανόμενος; pap [Mayser, loc. cit., with ἀνθιστάνω documented here as early as III B.C.]; Epict. 3, 12, 2; LXX [Ezk 17:14; Thackeray, loc. cit.]; later wr. in Psaltes 236) Ro 3:31; Hs 8, 1, 10 (s. Whittaker on 8, 1, 8; s. B-D-F §93; Mlt-H. 202). Fut. στήσω; 1 aor. ἔστησα; 2 aor. ἔστην, impv. στῆθι, inf. στῆναι, ptc. στάς; pf. ἕστηκα ( I stand), ptc. ἑστηκώς, ός and ἑστώς En 12:3; JosAs 7:2; J 12:29,-ῶσα J 8:9 v.l., neut. ἑστώς Rv 14:1 v.l. (s. B-D-F §96; W-S. §14, 5; Mlt-H. 222) and ἑστός, inf. always ἑστάναι; plpf. εἱστήκειν ( I stood) or ἱστήκειν GPt 2:3, third pl. εἱστήκεισαν Mt 12:46; J 18:18; Ac 9:7; Rv 7:11 (W-H. spell it ἱστ. everywhere); ἑστάκαμεν w. act. mng. 1 Macc 11:34; fut. mid. στήσομαι Rv 18:15. Pass.: 1 fut. σταθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐστάθην (PEg2 65). S. στήκω. Trans.: A. Intr.: B, C, D.
    A. trans. (pres., impf., fut., 1 aor. act.; s. B-D-F §97, 1; Mlt-H. 241) gener. ‘put, place, set’.
    ① to cause to be in a place or position, set, place, bring, allow to come τινά someone, lit. ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ Ac 5:27. εἰς αὐτούς before them 22:30. ἐκ δεξιῶν τινος at someone’s right (hand) Mt 25:33. ἐν μέσῳ in the midst, among 18:2; Mk 9:36; J 8:3. ἐνώπιόν τινος before someone Ac 6:6. Also κατενώπιόν τινος Jd 24. ἐπί τι upon someth. Mt 4:5; Lk 4:9. παρά τινι beside someone 9:47.
    ② to propose someone for an obligation, put forward, propose, lit. (e.g. Just., A I, 60, 3 Μωυσέα … τύπον σταυροῦ … στῆσαι ἐπὶ τῇ ἁγίᾳ σκηνῇ) τινά for a certain purpose: the candidates for election to the apostleship Ac 1:23. μάρτυρας ψευδεῖς 6:13 (cp. Mel., P. 93, 700 ψευδομάρτυρες).
    ③ to set up or put into force, establish, fig. ext. of 1 (cp. Gen 26:3 τὸν ὅρκον; Ex 6:4) τὴν ἰδίαν δικαιοσύνην Ro 10:3. τὸ δεύτερον (opp. ἀναιρεῖν τὸ πρῶτον, a ref. to sacrificial system) Hb 10:9.—Of legal enforcement κύριε, μὴ στήσῃς αὐτοῖς ταύτην τ. ἁμαρτίαν Lord, do not hold this sin against them Ac 7:60 (contrast ἀφίημι 1 Macc 13:38f; 15:5; Stephen’s expression=ἄφες Lk 23:34; s. Beginn. IV, ad loc.).
    ④ to validate someth. that is in force or in practice, reinforce validity of, uphold, maintain, validate τὶ someth. fig. ext. of 1 (1 Macc 2:27 τὴν διαθήκην) τὴν παράδοσιν ὑμῶν validate or maintain your own tradition Mk 7:9. νόμον ἱστάνομεν we uphold (the) law Ro 3:31 (s. καταργέω 2).
    ⑤ to cause to be steadfast, make someone stand δυνατεῖ ὁ κύριος στῆσαι αὐτόν Ro 14:4.
    ⓐ set/fix a time a period of time ἡμέραν (s. ἡμέρα 3a) Ac 17:31.
    ⓑ determine a monetary amount οἱ δὲ ἔστησαν αὐτῷ τριάκοντα ἀργύρια Mt 26:15 (=Zech 11:12 ἔστησαν τὸν μισθόν μου τριάκοντα ἀργύρους), presents a special problem for interpreters because of the author’s theological and narrative interests, which prompt him to connect an allusion here to Zech 11:12 in anticipation of a fulfillment statement at Mt 27:9f, which in haggadic fashion draws on Zech 11:13 in the longer form of the Mt and Jer 32 (Mt 39):7–9 (s. JDoeve, Jewish Hermeneutics in the Synoptic Gospels and Acts, ’54, 185–87). Jer 39:9 and Zech 11:12 use the verb ἱ. in the sense weigh out on scales (Hom.; X., Cyr. 8, 2, 21, Mem. 1, 1, 9 al.; GDI p. 870, n49 A [Ephesus VI B.C.] 40 minas ἐστάθησαν; Is 46:6; Jer 39:9; 2 Esdr 8:25), and some (e.g. BWeiss, HHoltzmann, JWeiss; FSchulthess, ZNW 21, 1922, 227f; Field, Notes 19f) interpret Mt 26:15 in this sense. Of course Mt’s readers would know that coinage of their time was not ‘weighed out’ and would understand ἱ. in the sense of striking a bargain (ἵστημι=set a price, make an offer, close a bargain: Herodas 7, 68 pair of shoes; BGU 1116, 8 [I B.C.]; 912, 25 [I A.D.]; PRainer 206, 10 [II A.D.] κεφάλαιον), they set out (=offered, allowed) for him (=paid him) 30 silver coins (Wlh., OHoltzmann, Schniewind), but the more sophisticated among them would readily recognize the obsolete mng. Ac 7:60 is sometimes interpreted in a related sense, but the absence of a direct object of amount paid suggests that the pass. is better placed in 3 above.
    B. intr., aor. and fut. forms
    ① to desist from movement and be in a stationary position, stand still, stop (Hom., Aristot.; Philostrat., Ep. 36, 2 ὁ ποταμὸς στήσεται; TestSol 7:3 οὕτως ἔστη ἡ αὔρα) Lk 24:17. στὰς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐφώνησεν αὐτούς Mt 20:32.—Mk 10:49; Lk 7:14; 17:12; 18:40. στῆναι τὸ ἅρμα Ac 8:38. ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἔστησαν Rv 18:17; cp. vs. 15. ἔστησαν ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τοῦ σπηλαίου GJs 19:2. ἔστη ἐπὶ τόπου πεδινοῦ he took his stand on a level place Lk 6:17. Of a star ἐστάθη ἐπάνω οὗ ἦν τὸ παιδίον Mt 2:9; also ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ παιδίου GJs 21:3. Of a flow of blood come to an end ἔστη ἡ ῥύσις τ. αἵματος Lk 8:44 (cp. Ex 4:25 [though HKosmala, Vetus Test. 12, ’62, 28 renders it as an emphatic εἶναι] Heraclid. Pont., Fgm. 49 W.; POxy 1088, 21 [I A.D.]; Cyranides p. 117 note γυναικὶ … αἷμα ἵστημι παραχρῆμα). στῆθι stand Js 2:3. ἡ χεὶρ αὐτοῦ ἔστη ἄνω his hand remained (motionless) upraised GJs 18:3 (not pap).
    ② to come up in the presence of others, come up, stand, appear ἔμπροσθέν τινος before someone Mt 27:11; Lk 21:36. Also ἐνώπιόν τινος Ac 10:30; GJs 11:2 (κατενώπιον TestSol 22:13; Just., D. 127, 3) or ἐπί τινος: σταθήσεσθε you will have to appear Mt 10:18 v.l.; Mk 13:9; ἐπί τοῦ παλατίου AcPl Ha 9, 20. στῆθι εἰς τὸ μέσον Lk 6:8; cp. vs. 8b; J 20:19, 26 (Vi. Aesopi I c. 6 p. 243, 15 Αἴσωπος στὰς εἰς τὸ μέσον ἀνέκραξεν). Also ἐν μέσῳ Lk 24:36; Ac 17:22; Ox 1 verso, 11 (s. Unknown Sayings, 69–71). ἔστη εἰς τὸ κριτήριον she stood before the court GJs 15:2. Cp. J 21:4; Rv 12:18; Lk 7:38. Step up or stand to say someth. or make a speech Lk 18:11. Cp. 19:8; Ac 2:14; 5:20; 11:13 al. ἔστησαν … προσδοκῶντες τὸν Ζαχαρίαν they stood waiting for Z. GJs 24:1. Pract. in the sense of the pf. δυνάμενοι … ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ στῆναι (the cult images) which could not remain standing AcPl Ha 1, 20 (cp. ἵστατο δένδρον κυπάρισσος TestAbr A 3 p. 79, 17 [Stone p. 6]; ὁ τόπος ἐν ᾧ ἱστάμεθα GrBar 6:13).
    ③ to stand up against, resist, w. πρὸς and acc. offer resistance (Thu. 5, 104) Eph 6:11; abs. resist (Ex 14:13) vs. 13. (Cp. the term στάσις in the sense of ‘rebellion’.)
    ④ stand firm so as to remain stable, stand firm, hold one’s ground (Ps 35:13) in battle (X., An. 1, 10, 1) Eph 6:14. σταθήσεται will stand firm Ro 14:4a. τίς δύναται σταθῆναι; Rv 6:17. εἰς ἣν στῆτε stand fast in it (Goodsp., Probs. 198) 1 Pt:12. Of house, city, or kingdom Mt 12:25f; Mk 3:24f; Lk 11:18. Cp. Mk 3:26. The OT expr. (Dt 19:15) ἵνα ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων ἢ τριῶν σταθῇ πᾶν ῥῆμα Mt 18:16; 2 Cor 13:1.
    ⑤ come to a standing position, stand up ἐπὶ τοὺς πόδας on one’s feet (Ezk 2:1) Ac 26:16; Rv 11:11. Abs. Ac 3:8.
    C. intr., perf. and plupf.
    ① to be in a standing position, I stand, I stood of bodily position, e.g. of a speaker J 7:37; Ac 5:25, of hearers J 12:29 or spectators Mt 27:47; Lk 23:35; Ac 1:11, of accusers Lk 23:10. Cp. J 18:5, 16, 18ab, 25; 19:25; Ac 16:9 al.
    ② to be at a place, stand (there), be (there), w. the emphasis less on ‘standing’ than on ‘being, existing’.
    ⓐ position indicated by adv. of place ἔξω Mt 12:46f; Lk 8:20; 13:25. μακρόθεν Lk 18:13. ἀπὸ μακρόθεν at a distance 23:49; Rv 18:10. ἐκεῖ Mk 11:5. ὅπου 13:14. ὧδε Mt 16:28; 20:6b. αὐτοῦ Lk 9:27; ἀπέναντι AcPl Ha 3, 30.
    ⓑ w. place indicated by a prep. ἐκ δεξιῶν τινος at the right (hand) of someone or someth. Lk 1:11; Ac 7:55f (HOwen, NTS 1, ’54/55, 224–26). ἐν αὐτοῖς among them Ac 24:21; w. ἐν and dat. of place Mt 20:3; 24:15; J 11:56; Rv 19:17. ἐν μέσῳ J 8:9 v.l. μέσος ὑμῶν 1:26 (v.l. στήκει). ἐπί w. gen. (X., Cyr. 3, 3, 66; Apollodorus [II B.C.]: 244 Fgm. 209 Jac. ἐπὶ τ. θύρας) Ac 5:23; 21:40; 24:20; 25:10; Rv 10:5, 8; AcPl Ha 7, 37; w. dat. Ac 7:33; w. acc. Mt 13:2; Rv 3:20; 7:1; 14:1; 15:2; GJs 5:2 (ἕστηκας codd., ἔστης pap). παρά w. acc. of place Lk 5:1f. πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης J 6:22. πρό w. gen. of place Ac 12:14. πρός w. dat. of place J 20:11. σύν τινι Ac 4:14. μετά τινος AcPl Ha 11, 3. κύκλῳ τινός around someth. Rv 7:11. W. ἐνώπιον (functioning as prep.) ἐνώπιόν τινος Rv 7:9; 11:4; 12:4; 20:12.
    ⓒ abs. (Epict. 4, 1, 88 ἑστῶσα of the citadel, simply standing there; Tat. 26, 2 παρατρέχοντας μὲν ὑμᾶς, ἑστῶτα δὲ τὸν αἰῶνα) Mt 26:73; J 1:35; 3:29; 20:14; Ac 22:25. τὰ πρόβατα εἱστήκει the sheep stood still GJs 18:2 (not pap). The verb standing alone in the sense stand around idle (Eur., Iph. Aul. 861; Aristoph., Av. 206, Eccl. 852; Herodas 4, 44) Mt 20:6a. ἀργός can be added (Aristoph., Eccl. 879f, Pax 256 ἕστηκας ἀργός) vs. 6a v.l., 6b (w. the question cp. Eubulus Com., Fgm. 15, 1 K. τί ἕστηκας ἐν πύλαις; Herodas 5, 40). W. modifying words (Pla., Phdr. 275d ἕστηκε ὡς ζῶντα τὰ ἔκγονα) εἱστήκεισαν ἐνεοί they stood there speechless Ac 9:7. ὡς ἐσφαγμένον Rv 5:6. cp. Ac 26:6. εἱστήκει ἀπεκδεχόμενος AcPl Ant 13, 22 (=Aa I, 237, 5).
    ③ to stand in attendance on someone, attend upon, be the servant of Rv 8:2 (RCharles, Rv ICC vol. 1, p. 225).
    ④ stand firm in belief, stand firm of personal commitment in gener. (opp. πεσεῖν), fig. ext. of 1, 1 Cor 10:12; 2 Cl 2:6. τ. πίστει ἕστηκας you stand firm because of your faith Ro 11:20; cp. 2 Cor 1:24. ὸ̔ς ἕστηκεν ἐν τ. καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἑδραῖος one who stands firm in his heart 1 Cor 7:37. ὁ θεμέλιος ἕστηκεν the foundation stands (unshaken) 2 Ti 2:19 (Stob. 4, 41, 60 [vol. V, p. 945]: Apelles, when he was asked why he represented Tyche [Fortune] in a sitting position, answered οὐχ ἕστηκεν γάρ=because she can’t stand, i.e. has no stability; Hierocles 11, 441 ἑστῶτος τοῦ νόμου=since the law stands firm [unchanged]; Procop. Soph., Ep. 47 μηδὲν ἑστηκὸς κ. ἀκίνητον; 75).
    ⑤ to be in a condition or state, stand or be in someth., fig. ext. of 1; grace (Hierocles 12, 446 ἐν ἀρετῇ) Ro 5:2; within the scope of the gospel 1 Cor 15:1; in truth J 8:44.
    D. intr., pres. mid. to have a beginning, begin, calendaric expression (as old as Hom.) μὴν ἱστάμενος the month just beginning (oft. ins) MPol 21—B. 835. DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἵστημι

  • 19 Kultfigur

    f
    1. cult ( oder ritual) image; die riesigen Kultfiguren auf den Osterinseln the giant ritual images on Easter Island
    2. Pop-, Filmstar etc.: cult figure
    * * *
    Kụlt|fi|gur
    f
    cult figure
    * * *
    Kult·fi·gur
    f MUS, FILM, MEDIA cult figure
    * * *
    die cult figure
    * * *
    1. cult ( oder ritual) image;
    die riesigen Kultfiguren auf den Osterinseln the giant ritual images on Easter Island
    2. Pop-, Filmstar etc: cult figure
    * * *
    die cult figure

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Kultfigur

  • 20 película

    f.
    1 movie, film, picture, motion picture.
    2 film.
    3 pellicle.
    * * *
    1 film
    \
    de película fantastic
    echar/poner una película to show a film
    ■ ¿qué película echan hoy en la tele? what film's on the telly today?
    no saber de qué va la película familiar to have no idea, not have a clue
    película de miedo horror film
    película en blanco y negro black-and-white film
    película en color colour film
    película muda silent movie
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) film
    * * *
    SF
    1) (Cine) film, movie (EEUU)

    hoy echan o ponen una película de Hitchcock por la tele — there's a Hitchcock film on TV tonight

    película de la serie B — B film, B movie ( esp EEUU)

    película en color — colour film, color film (EEUU)

    2) (Fot) film
    3) (Téc) film

    película autoadherible — Méx Clingfilm ®, Saran Wrap ® (EEUU)

    4) * (=narración) story, catalogue of events; (=cuento) tall story, tale

    ¡cuánta película! — what a load of rubbish! *

    5) Caribe (=disparate) silly remark; (=lío) row, rumpus
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Cin, TV) movie, film (BrE)

    hoy dan or (Esp) echan or ponen una película de aventuras — there's an adventure movie o film on today, they're showing an adventure movie o film today

    de película — (fam) fantastic (colloq)

    una chica de película — a gorgeous o fantastic girl

    b) (Fot) film
    2) ( capa fina - de aceite) film; (- de polvo) thin layer
    * * *
    = cinefilm, feature film, film, footage, film, movie, feature-length film, flick.
    Ex. A cinefilm is a length of film, with or without recorded sound, bearing a sequence of images that create the illusion of movement when projected in rapid succession.
    Ex. The selection, which also takes account of the Corporation's user survey, will prioritise feature, cartoon and puppet films for children.
    Ex. A bibliographic data base comprises a set of records which refer to documents (such as books, films, etc.).
    Ex. IFVL has over 900 titles in the collection, which include a variety of categories including historic fashion/culture footage from the 50s, designer 'ramp' shows, and interviews with the industry's leaders.
    Ex. The water of the stuff poured into the middle of the cylinder through its wire-mesh cover, and was immediately pumped out from one end leaving a film of fibres on the surface.
    Ex. Death becomes the character's hugged secret in what is a movie infused with silence and poignancy.
    Ex. A DVD disc holds between 7 and 20 times as much data as a standard CD-ROM, enough to carry a feature-length film dubbed into 8 languages.
    Ex. He googled her and went ballistic when up popped a credit for a porno flick.
    ----
    * banda sonora de película = film music.
    * basado en película = film-based [film based].
    * bobina de película = film reel.
    * cámara de rodar películas = movie camera.
    * carrete de película = film reel.
    * ciclo de películas = film series.
    * Comité de las Universidades Británicas sobre Películas y Vídeos (BUFVC) = British Universities Film and Video Council (BUFVC).
    * con una película de resina = resin-coated.
    * créditos de película = film credits.
    * crítica de película = film review.
    * de película = fantastic, gorgeous, amazing, incredible, fabulous, picture-perfect.
    * fragmento de película = film clip, movie clip.
    * guión de película = screenplay.
    * película biográfica = biopic.
    * película cinematográfica = motion picture, motion picture film.
    * película con personajes de guiñol = puppet film.
    * película de 16 milímetros = 16mm film.
    * película de acción = action movie, action adventure.
    * película de acetato = safety film, acetate film.
    * película de alquiler = rental movie.
    * película de cine = moving picture.
    * película de culto = cult movie.
    * película de diazo = diazo film.
    * película de dibujos animados = cartoon film.
    * película de haluro de plata = silver halide film.
    * película del oeste = Western film.
    * película de medianoche = midnight film.
    * película de nitrato = nitrate film.
    * película de nitrato de celulosa = cellulose nitrate film.
    * película de policías = crime film.
    * película de seguridad = safety film.
    * película de suspense = suspense film.
    * película de terror = horror movie.
    * película fotográfica = photographic film.
    * película gore = splatter film.
    * película muda = silent film.
    * película policíaca = crime film.
    * película química = chemical film.
    * película sangrienta = splatter film.
    * película sin fin = filmloop [film loop/film-loop].
    * película sonora = sound movie.
    * película transparente de plástico = polyethylene film.
    * película vesicular = vesicular film.
    * proyección de película = film show, film showing.
    * reserva de películas = film booking.
    * rollo de película = roll film.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Cin, TV) movie, film (BrE)

    hoy dan or (Esp) echan or ponen una película de aventuras — there's an adventure movie o film on today, they're showing an adventure movie o film today

    de película — (fam) fantastic (colloq)

    una chica de película — a gorgeous o fantastic girl

    b) (Fot) film
    2) ( capa fina - de aceite) film; (- de polvo) thin layer
    * * *
    = cinefilm, feature film, film, footage, film, movie, feature-length film, flick.

    Ex: A cinefilm is a length of film, with or without recorded sound, bearing a sequence of images that create the illusion of movement when projected in rapid succession.

    Ex: The selection, which also takes account of the Corporation's user survey, will prioritise feature, cartoon and puppet films for children.
    Ex: A bibliographic data base comprises a set of records which refer to documents (such as books, films, etc.).
    Ex: IFVL has over 900 titles in the collection, which include a variety of categories including historic fashion/culture footage from the 50s, designer 'ramp' shows, and interviews with the industry's leaders.
    Ex: The water of the stuff poured into the middle of the cylinder through its wire-mesh cover, and was immediately pumped out from one end leaving a film of fibres on the surface.
    Ex: Death becomes the character's hugged secret in what is a movie infused with silence and poignancy.
    Ex: A DVD disc holds between 7 and 20 times as much data as a standard CD-ROM, enough to carry a feature-length film dubbed into 8 languages.
    Ex: He googled her and went ballistic when up popped a credit for a porno flick.
    * banda sonora de película = film music.
    * basado en película = film-based [film based].
    * bobina de película = film reel.
    * cámara de rodar películas = movie camera.
    * carrete de película = film reel.
    * ciclo de películas = film series.
    * Comité de las Universidades Británicas sobre Películas y Vídeos (BUFVC) = British Universities Film and Video Council (BUFVC).
    * con una película de resina = resin-coated.
    * créditos de película = film credits.
    * crítica de película = film review.
    * de película = fantastic, gorgeous, amazing, incredible, fabulous, picture-perfect.
    * fragmento de película = film clip, movie clip.
    * guión de película = screenplay.
    * película biográfica = biopic.
    * película cinematográfica = motion picture, motion picture film.
    * película con personajes de guiñol = puppet film.
    * película de 16 milímetros = 16mm film.
    * película de acción = action movie, action adventure.
    * película de acetato = safety film, acetate film.
    * película de alquiler = rental movie.
    * película de cine = moving picture.
    * película de culto = cult movie.
    * película de diazo = diazo film.
    * película de dibujos animados = cartoon film.
    * película de haluro de plata = silver halide film.
    * película del oeste = Western film.
    * película de medianoche = midnight film.
    * película de nitrato = nitrate film.
    * película de nitrato de celulosa = cellulose nitrate film.
    * película de policías = crime film.
    * película de seguridad = safety film.
    * película de suspense = suspense film.
    * película de terror = horror movie.
    * película fotográfica = photographic film.
    * película gore = splatter film.
    * película muda = silent film.
    * película policíaca = crime film.
    * película química = chemical film.
    * película sangrienta = splatter film.
    * película sin fin = filmloop [film loop/film-loop].
    * película sonora = sound movie.
    * película transparente de plástico = polyethylene film.
    * película vesicular = vesicular film.
    * proyección de película = film show, film showing.
    * reserva de películas = film booking.
    * rollo de película = roll film.

    * * *
    A ( Cin, TV) movie, film ( BrE)
    hoy dan or ( Esp) echan or ponen una película de aventuras there's an adventure movie o film on today, they're showing an adventure movie o film today
    de película ( fam); fantastic ( colloq)
    fue un gol de película it was a tremendous o fantastic goal ( colloq)
    una chica de película a gorgeous o fantastic girl
    una casa de película a dream house ( colloq)
    ayer me pasó algo de película something incredible happened to me yesterday
    Compuestos:
    action movie or film
    cartoon
    Western
    horror movie o film
    ● película de suspenso or ( Esp) suspense
    thriller
    horror movie o film
    Western
    silent movie o film
    snuff movie ( colloq)
    talking picture, talkie
    X-certificate movie o film
    B ( Fot) film
    una película de polvo a thin covering/layer of dust
    * * *

     

    película sustantivo femenino
    1
    a) (Cin, TV) movie, film (BrE);

    hoy dan or (Esp) echan or ponen una película there's a movie o film on today, they're showing a movie o film today;

    película del Oeste or de vaqueros Western;
    película de miedo or de terror horror movie o film;
    película de suspenso or (Esp) suspense thriller;
    película muda silent movie o film
    b) (Fot) film

    2 ( capa fina — de aceite) film;
    (— de polvo) thin layer
    película sustantivo femenino
    1 Cine film, movie
    echar una película, to show a film
    película de miedo/terror, horror film
    2 (carrete, bobina) film
    3 (capa fina) film, thin layer
    ♦ Locuciones: contar una película, to tell stories
    de película, fabulous, great
    ' película' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acabose
    - acción
    - ambientar
    - amputar
    - basarse
    - bastante
    - bélica
    - bélico
    - caca
    - censurar
    - cepillarse
    - continuar
    - corta
    - corto
    - crítica
    - dedicar
    - director
    - directora
    - dirigir
    - doblar
    - documentalista
    - duración
    - emocionante
    - empalagosa
    - empalagoso
    - empezar
    - ser
    - erotizar
    - exhibir
    - exhibición
    - ficha
    - ir
    - hasta
    - incondicional
    - infarto
    - interés
    - intermedia
    - intermedio
    - intragable
    - intriga
    - larga
    - largo
    - miedo
    - mirar
    - montar
    - novelar
    - ordinaria
    - ordinario
    - peor
    - pestiño
    English:
    about
    - adult
    - appropriate
    - B movie
    - backwards
    - baddy
    - blockbuster
    - blue
    - bomb
    - boring
    - by
    - censor
    - clip
    - cult movie
    - direct
    - downbeat
    - downtown
    - duplicate
    - effect
    - engrossed
    - enjoyable
    - epic
    - extra
    - eye-opener
    - fact
    - fail
    - fair
    - family film
    - feeling
    - film
    - fit
    - forthcoming
    - funny
    - gore
    - grip
    - hero
    - heroine
    - hilarious
    - horror film
    - impact
    - in-flight
    - last
    - location
    - make
    - making
    - minor
    - monster
    - motion picture
    - movie
    - moving
    * * *
    ♦ nf
    1. [de cine] movie, Br film;
    una película de Esp [m5] vídeo o Am [m5] video a video (movie);
    una película de Scorsese a Scorsese movie;
    echar o [m5] poner una película to show a movie o Br film
    película de acción action movie o Br film;
    película de animación animated feature film;
    película de ciencia ficción science fiction movie o Br film;
    película de culto cult movie o Br film;
    película de dibujos animados feature-length cartoon;
    película de época period o costume drama;
    película de gángsters gangster movie o Br film;
    película de miedo horror movie o Br film;
    película muda silent movie o Br film;
    película porno porn movie;
    Esp película de suspense thriller; Am película de suspenso thriller;
    película de terror horror movie o Br film;
    película X X-rated movie o Br film
    2. [fotográfica] film;
    una película en blanco y negro/color a black-and-white/colour film
    película fotográfica photographic film;
    película virgen unexposed film
    3. [capa] film
    4. Fam [historia increíble] (tall) story;
    montarse una película to dream up an incredible story
    ♦ de película loc adj
    Fam
    tienen una casa de película they've got a dream house;
    pasamos unas vacaciones de película we had the holiday of our dreams
    ♦ de película loc adv
    Fam
    canta/baila de película she's a fabulous singer/dancer
    * * *
    f
    1 movie, film;
    de película fam awesome fam, fantastic fam
    2 FOT film
    * * *
    1) : movie, film
    2) : (photographic) film
    3) : thin covering, layer
    * * *
    película n film

    Spanish-English dictionary > película

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